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This Module of the Shaping the Way we Teach English Series contains a lesson plan and accompanying video that is focused on how teachers can vary teaching approaches and techniques to help facilitate learning for a wide variety of students and student needs.

Format: Text, Video, Website
Availability

A hardcopy of this section is available as part of the full resource.

See Hardcopy Information for the Shaping the Way We Teach English: Successful Practices Around the World.

This article describes a sociocultural view of interaction, in which teachers construct knowledge with learners. Language is a mediating factor in cognitive development. The article discusses Vygotsky and the Zone of Proximal Development. According to Vygotsky, students are capable of doing more with guidance and support than they can alone. This principle leads instructors to scaffold material just beyond the leaner’s level. When teachers and students have meaningful interaction, learning is enhanced.

Format: Text
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This article shares ideas of how English language teaching professionals can collaborate with content-area specialists effectively to create learning opportunities for students. Using nine examples and various metaphors, the authors explain three principles for effective team teaching: initiating an interdisciplinary project, establishing an interdisciplinary team, and working successfully with other disciplines by having good working relationships.

Authors: Bradley Horn, Fredricka Stoller, and Marin S. Robinson Format: Text
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For international subscriptions of English Teaching Forum please contact the Public Affairs or Cultural Affairs section of the U.S. Embassy in your country.

U.S. Subscriptions: English Teaching Forum is exempted from the Congressional restriction on distribution of Department of State-produced materials in the United States. U.S. residents who want to order the printed edition can order from the U.S. Superintendent of Documents.

This article discusses a variety of ways to incorporate E-Prime, the idea that all forms of the verb “to be” need to be replaced in writing and speaking. The author shows how this can force ESL and EFL students to improve their writing and make them to spend more time with their essays, to think critically about acceptable grammar and vocabulary, and to search for new vocabulary.

Author: John C. Herbert Format: Text
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This article discusses how textbooks can be adapted to include more communicative and cooperative activities in language classes, especially for teachers who are cautious about using Communicative Language Teaching and cooperative learning. It describes how small modifications can be made with minimal extra preparation, with results that help change textbook exercises into more communicative, authentic activities.

Authors: Anson Yang, Chan-Piu Cheung Format: Text
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“New York City Word Search” is a crossword puzzle using vocabulary (famous buildings, famous neighborhoods, etc.) related to New York City.

Author: Marsha Ford Format: Text
Availability

For international subscriptions of English Teaching Forum please contact the Public Affairs or Cultural Affairs section of the U.S. Embassy in your country.

U.S. Subscriptions: English Teaching Forum is exempted from the Congressional restriction on distribution of Department of State-produced materials in the United States. U.S. residents who want to order the printed edition can order from the U.S. Superintendent of Documents.

This lesson plan is based on the article that describes New York City. It includes a fact sheet to gain more detailed information about the city. The plan consists of several activities that ask students to scan for specific information as a reading skill, oral presentations skills, and writing.

Author: Bradley Horn Format: Text
Availability

For international subscriptions of English Teaching Forum please contact the Public Affairs or Cultural Affairs section of the U.S. Embassy in your country.

U.S. Subscriptions: English Teaching Forum is exempted from the Congressional restriction on distribution of Department of State-produced materials in the United States. U.S. residents who want to order the printed edition can order from the U.S. Superintendent of Documents.

This article describes New York City. It presents information about its history, immigration process, geography, architecture, rivers, bridges, famous buildings and parks, famous neighborhoods, arts and entertainment, and tourist attractions and activities. The article also provides useful websites about New York City. It ends with a text about the United Nations Headquarters in midtown Manhattan.

Author: Thomas W. Santos Format: Text
Availability

For international subscriptions of English Teaching Forum please contact the Public Affairs or Cultural Affairs section of the U.S. Embassy in your country.

U.S. Subscriptions: English Teaching Forum is exempted from the Congressional restriction on distribution of Department of State-produced materials in the United States. U.S. residents who want to order the printed edition can order from the U.S. Superintendent of Documents.

This article discusses the usefulness of anecdotes as a technique to stimulate learners’ interest and thus create a meaningful learning context in the second language classroom. It describes the pattern of an anecdote and how it should be formed as well as the different types of anecdotes. The article offers tips to successfully implement this technique.

Author: Deniz Sallı-Çopur Format: Text
Availability

For international subscriptions of English Teaching Forum please contact the Public Affairs or Cultural Affairs section of the U.S. Embassy in your country.

U.S. Subscriptions: English Teaching Forum is exempted from the Congressional restriction on distribution of Department of State-produced materials in the United States. U.S. residents who want to order the printed edition can order from the U.S. Superintendent of Documents.

This Module of the Shaping the Way we Teach English Series contains a lesson plan and accompanying video that is focused on alternative assessment, which is a type of evaluation that directly evaluates learners' language skills; examples include portfolios, journals, peer feedback, and interviews.

Format: Text, Video
Availability

A hardcopy of this section is available as part of the full resource.

See Hardcopy Information for the Shaping the Way We Teach English: Successful Practices Around the World.

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