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1. Reflective Teaching: The Principles and Practices

   In: English Teaching Forum 2003, Volume 41, Number 4 Format(s): Text

   Reflective teaching is highly popular within English language programs, but there is some debate over definitions and best practices for reflective teaching. The author explores current approaches to reflective teaching (e.g., reflection-in-action, action research) and provides guides for a teacher development model using reflective teaching. He concludes that teachers who use reflection will gain freedom from impulse and uncertainty and will redefine themselves as educated and experienced human beings.

2. Teacher Supervision: Moving Towards an Interactive Approach

   In: English Teaching Forum 2003, Volume 41, Number 4 Format(s): Text

   Supervision is a standard part of most language programs. However, teachers often respond negatively to supervision. Adopting a teacher-centered, democratic, clear, and systematic model for supervision will create a positive supervisory experience and result in vital professional development. One model that fits this description is clinical supervision. The author's detailed guidelines for implementation of this model are flexible enough to allow for local adaptation.

3. Lesson Observation: The Key to Teacher Development

   In: English Teaching Forum 2003, Volume 41, Number 4 Format(s): Text

   The author describes teacher training and teacher development as separate concepts through descriptions of how observation occurs in Cameroon. While training is a planned event that gives novices ready-made answers, development is an ongoing, organic process that values teacher innovation and reflection. Observers interested in development may use of a lesson observation cycle that includes pre-observation and post-observation meetings. The role of inspectors and peers in observation is also discussed.

4. Using L1 in the L2 Classroom

   In: English Teaching Forum 2003, Volume 41, Number 4 Format(s): Text

   There may be more to the use of L1 in the L2 classroom than previously thought. Recent findings show that L1 usage values the native culture and language of the students, allowing them to feel comfortable taking risks in English. The author distributed a questionnaire on Spanish usage to English language students and professors at a Puerto Rican university. Results showed that both students and teachers felt there were clear instances where Spanish would help understanding. The author also shares his own personal experiences as a Spanish-speaking English teacher.

5. Language Teacher Preparation in Developing Countries: Structuring Preservice Teacher Training Programmes

   In: English Teaching Forum 2003, Volume 41, Number 4 Format(s): Text

   The author notes that relying on the training of unqualified teachers during service can be costly and inefficient. He underscores the importance of highly structured, comprehensive, pre-service teacher training as a more prudent alternative. Trainees should be preselected based on their general education background, competence in English, competence in teaching, and attitude. The training program should carefully consider topics to be included in the curricula. The author suggests several areas of instruction and explains the different modes of training necessary for success.

6. Microteaching

   In: English Teaching Forum 2003, Volume 41, Number 4 Format(s): Text

   This brief article introduces the reader to the microteaching procedure. Teachers in training will prepare a short microlesson of five to ten minutes in length for normally fewer than ten students. Students may be real or trainees. The lesson is videotaped and discussed with colleagues and/or supervisors. The teacher then reteaches the lesson. This help teacher reflect and grow as well as consult with peers. Suggestions for preparation and teaching of microlessons are provided.

7. Teaching Pragmatics

   Format(s): Text

   Teaching Pragmatics explores the teaching of pragmatics through lessons and activities.

8. Teaching Vocabulary to English Teacher Trainees

   In: English Teaching Forum 2003, Volume 41, Number 4 Format(s): Text

   Non-native English-speaking teachers in a foreign context will sometimes experience difficulty with the words used in their training courses. This article presents a six-step method for helping these teachers learn new, relevant vocabulary. The method is effective but does not require a large amount of class time. Once words have been selected, individual students are each given a word for which to create a word profile. Presentation and review follows.

9. Effective Questions

   In: English Teaching Forum 2003, Volume 41, Number 4 Format(s): Text

   Teachers ask many questions in the classroom, but not all are useful. Questions that the teacher already knows the answer to are known as display questions. These are often asked for the student to display knowledge. Questions where the teacher does not already know the answer are meaning based and known as referential questions. This article explains the problems with relying on display questions in the L2 classroom. This distinction applies to reading comprehension questions as well as oral questions.

10. Changing Homework Habits: Rethinking Attitudes

    In: English Teaching Forum 2003, Volume 41, Number 4 Format(s): Text

    There are a number of reasons why students forget, ignore, or reject homework, but what can a teacher do to encourage students to complete homework? The author argues that students' habits are a reflection of the teacher's attitudes about homework. The article introduces eight points that can help create a more homework-positive classroom. They include assigning the right amount of homework, always remembering to correct homework, accepting late submissions, and changing the time during the lesson you assign homework.

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